As a result of its strengths, the literature concerning its fundamental principles is comprehensive. In the last two decades, microfluidics has emerged as a powerful tool of high precision and versatility, mainly applied to biomedicine. Finally, common polysaccharide‐based biopolymers (i.e., starch, nanocellulose, alginate, and pectin) used for generating porous materials are reviewed, and their current and potential future food applications are critically discussed. Then, porous biopolymer fabrication methods, including supercritical carbon dioxide (SC‐CO2) drying, freeze‐drying, and electrospinning and electrospraying, are thoroughly discussed. First, bioaccessibility and bioavailability are described with a special emphasis on the factors affecting them. This review introduces polysaccharide‐based porous biopolymers for improving the bioaccessibility/bioavailability of bioactive food compounds and discusses their recent applications in the food industry. Also, loading BCs into the porous matrix can protect them against environmental stresses such as light, heat, oxygen, and pH. This reduces the crystallinity (especially for the lipophilic ones) and particle size, and in turn, increases solubilization and bioavailability. Among these methods, porous biopolymers have emerged as alternative encapsulation materials, as they have superior properties like high surface area, porosity, and tunable surface chemistry to entrap BCs. Several delivery systems have been proposed for enhancing their stability and bioavailability. However, these bioactive compounds (BCs) have poor chemical stability during processing and low bioavailability after consumption. , respectively part (C) reproduced with permission from part (D) reproduced with permission from part (E) reproduced with permission from ].īioactive food compounds, such as lycopene, curcumin, phytosterols, and resveratrol, have received great attention due to their potential health benefits. (iii) assembling of hepatocytes and fibroblasts in the core and in the shell, respectively, resulted in an artificial liver in a drop (E) Schematic illustration of nanosensors entrapped within the liquid core of microcapsules. (i) hepatocytes cells encapsulated in the core by a hydrogel shell. With reference to a redeblue color bar, red color shows the highest BLI signal intensity (C) (i) Dewetting process of a double emulsion drop with an aqueous core and (ii) breaking polymersome wall and releasing because of osmotic shock (D) 3D assembly of two type of cells in the 3D coreeshell scaffold. (A) confocal micrographs representing the distribution of doxorubicin-loaded coreeshell microparticles in green color (B) BLI images of illustrative the mice before treatment and 3 weeks after treatment. The unique advantages of the microfluidic approaches are highlighted. Moreover, an overview of conventional and more recent microfluidic methods for the generation of core–shell microparticles is presented. This paper also systematically reviews the different classes of core–shell microparticles based on their respective materials. The novel properties of the core–shell microparticles make them extremely suitable for pharmaceutical and biomedical applications, including cell encapsulation, cell study, targeted drug delivery, controlled drug release, food industry, catalysis, and environmental monitoring. The present review focuses on the core–shell microparticles, which have found practical applications in various fields. In the past few years, the research community has paid increasing attention to the generation and application of core–shell structures. Core-shell particles combine the features of both the core and shell materials, while exhibiting smart properties resulting from their materials. Micro-nanoscale core–shell particles are distinguishable from other particle types because of their unique composition.
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